Lenger WWII Historical Sites

Hiking / TrekkingWorld War II FortificationsArchaeology Site / RuinCave, Tunnel, or BunkerBird-Watching

Southwest Side

Descending a ladder into a subterranean oil tank on Lenger Island, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Subterranean Crude Oil Facility (Pahnlenger)

Built beneath Dolen Lenger, the Japanese crude oil storage complex is without question the most impressive of the island’s historical sites. If tight spaces, heights, cobwebs, bats, or the dark make you nervous, this is where you should grab your flashlight and confront your phobias! You don’t want to miss this experience, but do take care where you put your feet and watch out for swiftlets darting about.

The facility is accessed through the first of a trio of steel gates that opens onto a wide rock tunnel lying parallel to the hillside (Gates 2 & 3 are blocked by mud and rock-fall). Steel ladders in alcoves opposite each of the gates run up the wall to concrete lofts from which Japanese personnel could inspect the massive oil tanks. Each tank is 40 meters long and 10 meters wide (131 x 33 ft) with an arched, riveted ceiling and an estimated capacity of 3,300 metric tons. From each loft a second ladder descends 10 meters (33 ft) through a hatch to the floor of the tank. Depending on recent rains, there may between 10 cm and a meter of standing water on the floor, but it’s usually possible to explore without getting too wet. Japanese graffiti on the wall of the first loft reads: “Push forward bravely and strive.” Records seem to indicate that only the third tank was operational. A large diesel engine in front of Tank 3 was probably used to pump the oil in and out. A pipe runs all the way to the coast.

One of four caves dynamited out by the Japanese on Lenger Island, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Storage Caves (Pahnaiau)

The four caves carved into the slope of Dolen Lenger were probably intended for use as storage facilities (and also for defense as a last resort), but may not have been completed. Cave 1 is tiny (about 6 meters deep). The other three are grouped together 50 meters (164 ft) to the northwest. Cave 2 is 15 meters deep, 8.5 meters across (49 x 28 ft), and nearly as high with a wide entrance sloping steeply to a soggy floor. If you venture down, be careful of broken glass from bottles that might have been meant for Molotov cocktails (gasoline bombs). Cave 3 is slightly larger and deeper with several terraces. A line of rock-filled barrels at the mouth seems to have been added as protection against a land attack, and the third terrace may have been intended for a machine gun. Cave 4 is the largest with a depth of 28 meters. All of the caves are muddy, often have standing water on their floors, and are occupied by colonies of Caroline Islands swiftlets. The name of the area, Pahnaiau, means “under the banyan tree.”

Concrete Plant Equipment (Pahnaiau)

West of the main path to the caves is a ballast mound with a mango tree on top and a cluster of equipment used in the process of making cement: three concrete mixers, a large Yanmar diesel engine, and the 610 mm gauge rail lines that were used to transport dynamited rock from the cave sites along the hillside. A rock-crusher lies 23 meters (75 feet) southwest of the mixers.

South Side

Oil Tank Complex (Pahnkamal)

This large walled complex originally contained two steel tanks for the storage of crude oil, which was pumped in from the coast. The larger tank, with a 1000-liter capacity, was dismantled in the 1970s by a man who needed steel plates for his ship. He was in the process of taking apart the smaller one, when the government intervened. The existing tank can be entered where the lower panels have been removed. The roof is accessible via a ladder on the inside, leading to a manhole. A courtyard wall surrounds the entire facility (now being used by local residents as a pigpen) and concrete channels lead to a pair of rectangular cisterns (currently piled with coconut husks). Large bomb craters from the American bombardment are found on the northwest and south sides.

The gate and tunnel leading to an underground aviation fuel tank on Lenger Island, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Aviation Fuel Reservoir Tunnel (Pahnkamal)

Northwest of the main path is a subterranean tank that supplied the seaplanes with aviation fuel. A steel door in the hillside opens on a tunnel about 8 meters long (typically flooded with about 20 cm of standing water and silty mud). At the end of the tunnel, the fuel pipes turn to the right and disappear into a concrete wall, behind which the reservoir lies. A ladder runs up to a secondary entrance hatch on the slope, but it is now rusted shut. The Japanese took fuel from this location by truck to the seaplane facility.

East Side

Cisterns & Machines(Nanpeilam)

Footpaths leading toward residences on the eastern coast pass a variety of rusting machine parts and two rectangular concrete cisterns. The southernmost cistern can be entered through a hole knocked in the south wall. A ladder also runs up to the roof.

The Banyan Wheel, a Japanese machine completely absorbed by a banyan on Lenger Island, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

“The Banyan Wheel” (Dausong)

The most photogenic of the island’s attractions is not far from the main path on a terrace cut into the eastern slope of Dolen Lenger. There are several concrete foundations here and on one of them is an unidentified machine (perhaps an engine or rock-crusher) that has been completely absorbed by a huge banyan tree, such that the large machine wheel is permanently fixed on the outside of the tree with two roots growing right through the spokes. Take our word for it: it’s pretty darn cool.

Northeast Side

Seaplane Hangar & Aircraft Wreckage (Dietakai)

The hangar on the northeast side of the island once housed the “flying boats” that flew between Chuuk, Pohnpei, and the Marshall Islands and the Naval Type-O Observation seaplanes that were used for recon. Roof girders of a partially collapsed Japanese seaplane hangar on Lenger Island, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)The structure sustained at least two direct hits from bombs, leaving massive craters at the front and on the southeast wall and possibly contributing to the eventual collapse of most of the braced girder roof in the 1980s (only the rear portion still stands). Near the northeast corner is a half-buried air compressor and just beyond this the engine cylinder of a destroyed aircraft, but the tangled girders make it difficult to move further inside from this direction. A careful search near the east side of the foundation should yield the wreckage of at least one plane (an Aichi E13A1 Jake), including the engine and propeller, portions of a wing, a pontoon, strut, and bits of bulkhead next to one of the carriers used to move the planes. The hangar can be much more easily entered at the rear, where the roof girders are still intact. A pair of carriers — on their way to being devoured by a ficus — were used to transport the seaplanes.

Seaplane Ramp & Apron (Dietakai)

The large seaplane ramp and apron dates to 1939 or shortly after and was constructed by a labor force consisting of Japanese, Korean, Pingelapese, Mwoakillese, and Pohnpeian workers. The structure lies on a reclaimed portion of the island and stretches northeast into the sea. The underwater section was made from concrete slabs poured elsewhere and lowered from barges, where they were assembled by divers. Stone seawalls around the perimeter were constructed in the highly stable yabane-tanizumi configuration. Written accounts left by local workers describe slave-labor conditions and harsh punishments for anyone who did not cooperate (one account says men were strung up to bake in the sun). A Pohnpeian marching dance (“Ke Dehr Lemeleme Me Se Ruksang Doadoahk en Kaigun”) composed during the event, commemorates the regular desertions of laborers.

Today, the cratered apron has been claimed by the forest and is difficult to even identify from the ground, but at the time of writing there was a clear path across it. The ramp was repaired by the Americans and used as the primary airstrip until the current airport on Dekehtik was completed. It remains mostly intact, though several structures in the area post-date the Japanese period (including an old hut for picnickers and the concrete tanks from a giant clam hatchery that operated in the 1990s).

Dolen Lenger

Japanese beer bottle, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Dug-Outs & Tunnels (Dolen Lenger)

The ascent of Dolen Lenger follows the northernmost of two Japanese roads that lead up the hill and eventually intersect. The lower part of the southern road is mostly blocked by trees and mud and is no longer a good way to access the hill, but you can explore the upper section, where several dug-outs cut into the slope on either side. Two of the entrances are connected by a short tunnel.

Gatepost & Barracks Foundations (Dolen Lenger)

A bit further up the northern path, hikers pass a gatepost (its twin has fallen down the hill), adorned with round, colorful river stones imported from Japan. Naval personnel gathered at this spot for their morning meeting. Not far ahead, the foundations of a barracks complex are found on a large terrace in the hillside. The area is littered with Japanese beer bottles, old diesel engines, steel water tanks, and rusting machine parts. A short tunnel worms into the slope to the left of where the path climbs a flight of concrete steps and continues up the hill.

The drum of a 110 cm Japanese searchlight on Lenger Island, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Searchlight (Dolen Lenger)

The drum and turn-table of a 110 cm searchlight (probably a Navy Model 92) lie just off the right edge of the path. The light was originally mounted on the rock outcropping five meters (16 ft) west of the its current position and was used to identify targets at night. It was probably dismantled by American personnel after the war.

Small Gun Station (Dolen Lenger)

Further along, a deviation from the main path leads to an unknown battery, probably for a machine gun or small artillery, which was removed after the war. A short stone wall protects the site and contains two ammunition magazines.

Anti-Aircraft Gun Stations (Dolen Lenger)

Two anti-aircraft batteries crown the hill, one to the west and the other at the end of the main path. Both sites consist of concrete rings surrounded by stone and earth revetments and a number of ammunition magazines (nine at the first station and six at the second). Naval 8 cm Type 3 Dual-Purpose Guns were installed at these locations to protect the seaplane base and other important Lenger facilities. Unfortunately, both guns were removed after the war.

Dolen Lenger Summit Area

From the last anti-aircraft gun station, it’s possible to continue another 50 meters (164 ft) or so to the 77 meter summit of the hill (marked with a brass USGS benchmark) and pick your way to the cliff-top for expansive views of Kolonia and the northern lagoon. Bring a machete and take care at the edge of the precipice.

Coastal Battery & 15 cm Naval Gun (Dolen Lenger)

Just north of the searchlight, a branch in the path turns west and descends a series of muddy steps to the coastal batteries and their four naval gun stations. Records disagree as to whether guns were actually installed at all four of the stations or if one station at each battery was a decoy. The only gun remaining on Lenger — a 15 cm 40 caliber British Armstrong-Whitworth naval canon — lies on its side in the mud at the southernmost station not far from the pedestal mount. It was probably thrown there by the detonation of one of the many bombs dropped by Allied aircraft in 1944. The barrel and shield are separated from the jacket and recuperator and partly buried. Japanese records state that the 15 cm gun on Sokehs Mountain was originally installed at Lenger and moved during the war. Lenger’s guns were intended to prevent surface invasions from Pweitik Passage to the northwest and had a range of roughly 7 kilometers (4.3 mi).

Heavy Ordnance Magazine Foundation (Dolen Lenger)

Past the gun stations is the foundation of what was probably a magazine for heavy ordnance surrounded by impressive inclined blast walls of quarried basalt rock. As is true of the best examples of Japanese architecture on Pohnpei, the stones were laid in the alternating diagonal pattern called “herringbone style” (or yabane-tanizumi). The site was most definitely covered during the operational period and camouflaged to make it invisible from the air.

West Side

Coastal Barracks Foundations

The remains of two large barracks are found on the western coast of the island. Both of the structures were wooden pitched-roof buildings raised above the ground on concrete posts and reached by short flights of stairs. Each barracks housed as many as fifty men. Only the posts and stairs remain today. The southern foundation has a nahs built on top of it, which was part of one the island’s two “resorts” in the 1990s.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Lenger Island guide would not exist without the amazing work and cooperation of archaeologist Takuya Nagaoka, who was the first person to map the historical sites on Lenger. Nagaoka’s meticulous survey maps and exhaustive report (as yet, unpublished) were indispensable in the process of finding and interpreting neglected sites that had become heavily overgrown.

Eco-Adventure Map Guides >> Lenger Island >> Lenger Historical Sites

The German Road

Hiking / TrekkingArchaeological Site / RuinBird-Watching

In 1909, the German colonial government tried to force the residents of Sokehs to build a road around the northern end of Sokehs Island. When the people didn’t cooperate, they were beaten and humiliated. Ultimately, this sparked the Sokehs Rebellion, Pohnpei’s last and most famous insurrection. The German administrator Gustav Boeder was murdered near Mwalok along with a few of his men, and the rebels, under the leadership of a lesser chief titled Soumadau, then gathered strength, attacked, and besieged Kolonia. The Germans imported 400 Melanesian soldiers to hunt down the insurgents, and several German warships shelled the rebel refuge on Sokehs Mountain, forcing the rebels to flee to other sites. Within a few months, all of the rebels had either surrendered or been captured. The leaders of the rebellion were executed at a spot near the northernmost tip of Kolonia (called Kumwunlaid) and the people of Sokehs were exiled by force to mining camps in Palau and Yap, their lands given to immigrants from Pohnpei and Chuuk’s outer islands.

Mangrove blossom, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)
Portions of the “road” (which is actually a stone foot-path) can still be seen, winding through the mangroves not far from the current road. The longest and most accessible segment begins opposite the Nan Imwinsapw Park and runs east for 0.26 km (0.16 mi). One of the best times to do the walk is during high tide, when the mangrove trees are reflected in the still waters of the swamp forest. The German Road is one of the few registered historical sites in the State.

Nan Imwinsapw en Epwel

Nan Imwinsapw is a name that is found in several places around Pohnpei, roughly translating as “cape” or “point” and more literally “in the tip of the land.” In the case of Sokehs Island, the area is significant because of the presence of a large number of prehistoric stone ruins at the foot of the mountain and because of an association with important myths, including the story of a Yapese magician named Sou Iap (not to be confused with Soupaip, the ancient name of Sokehs Island and also Sokehs Rock). Nan Imwinsapw en Epwel is also said to be the only location in all of Sokehs Island where coconut crabs can be found. A small, ill-conceived park / picnic area near the coast commemorates the spot.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> The German Road

Kepindau & Pohn Pillap Waterfalls

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Kepindau Waterfall

The larger of two small waterfalls found on Sokehs Island (the only waterfalls not on the main island of Pohnpei) is known as Kepindau and is located in Tamwarohi Kousapw on the private land of Joe Ferdinand and Dahkar Soulik. The stream and the area around it are also called by the same name, which means “bottom of the mangrove passage”. Kepindau and Pohn Pillap, the next stream to the west, were said to have been created when a giant eel wriggled up the hillside. Freshwater short-fin eels are sacred to Pohnpeians and play a recurring role in local myths; this particular story is just one entry in a greater eel-centric epic. Eels do indeed dwell in Kepindau and are protected and fed by the Ferdinand family. There’s a small pool just below the family’s cookhouse, where the eels can be observed. Bring some canned mackerel and the family will feed the beasts for your entertainment.

The hike follows footpaths that the family members use to get around on their land, climbing more or less straight up the slope on the west side of the stream. The waterfall is in a little rocky alcove that gets some very dramatic light in the morning hours. There is a shallow pool, but the amount of water varies. The best time to visit is a day or so after a period of heavy rain.

Pohn Pillap Waterfall, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Pohn Pillap Waterfall

The second falls, Pohn Pillap, is found just over the border of Ipwal Kousapw on the land of Tony Martin and family. The name means “over the river.” Pohn Pillap is not as visually dramatic as Kepindau, but has a certain ambiance when there’s a lot of water (though there’s no pool here). Martin, who used to work for the Office of Historic Preservation, is extremely knowledgeable about just about everything Pohnpeian and can provide you with many fascinating tidbits about this site and others on Sokehs Island and beyond. He can also arrange for one of his older children to take you up to the falls if he doesn’t feel like guiding you himself. Offer $6-10.00 per group of five people or less.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> Kepindau & Pohn Pillap Waterfalls

Sport-Climbing on Sokehs Island

Hiking / TrekkingSport ClimbingBird-WatchingCamping

No Surprises on the Spire at Sokehs Island, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

The Spire

The Spire” is exactly what it sounds like — a dagger-like basalt pinnacle rising 50 meters (165 ft) above the top of Sokehs Ridge immediately south of Paipalap. Named in 2005 by Daniel Moor, who scaled the rear of the rock and established a single top-rope bolt, “The Spire” is the kind of crag that just begs to be climbed. It was not climbed again, however, until 2011, when local climbers Matthew Mann and Jonathan White began to explore different route possibilities in earnest. Over the course of more than a year, they bolted four single-pitch sport-climbing ascents on the eastern face. Since that time, “The Spire” has been climbed fairly regularly by members of a small community of climbers living and working on Pohnpei. The emergence of the sport on the island even drew the attention of the local newspaper — well-deserved attention, considering the thought and care Mann and White put into creating these world-class routes. “The Spire” is reached by taking the Sokehs Rock Trail up from the paved road in Danipei (0.38 km, 15-30 minutes) and turning south at the top of the slope.

Rock Consistency & Hardware

The rock itself has a nice texture to it with plenty of friction, but not so much that it tears up the hands. It tends to be solid, not crumbly, and there are lots of sweet little pockets that formed when air bubbles were trapped in the cooling basalt.

Bolts on the Spire at Sokehs Island, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Routes

All routes on “The Spire” are well protected with marine-grade bolts and dual double-ring top anchors for top-rope or rappel. Top access is possible via a short route of grade 5.7 which has been bolted on the rear of the rock to provide the means for hauling gear for route-setting and rappel.

Route Rating Length Hardware in Place Safety Rating
Iron Lungs 5.12a 32 m
105 ft
16 bolts +
2 double-ring top anchors
G
High & Dry 5.11d 36.6 m
120 ft
16 bolts +
2 double-ring top anchors
G
Myxo 5.12b 33.5 m
110 ft
15 bolts +
2 double-ring top anchors
G
No Surprises 5.11b 30.5 m
100 ft
14 bolts +
2 double-ring top anchors
G

Genesis at the Adam's Apple, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

The Adam’s Apple

Mann and White also discovered a wall about 60 meters south of “The Spire” near Takaien Rikapehd. They named it “The Adam’s Apple“. There are plans to eventually bolt five routes here. As of October 2013, two have been completed. “The Adam’s Apple” routes are short but extreme, as the wall is slightly overhung. This is not a place for beginners.

Routes

Route Rating Length Hardware in Place Safety Rating
Spies 5.12b 15.2 m
50 ft
5 bolts +
2 double-ring top anchors
G
Genesis 5.11c 18.3 m
60 ft
6 bolts +
2 double-ring top anchors
G

Climbing the Adam's Apple, Sokehs Island, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Why These Climbs Are Awesome

  • EASY ACCESS. A 10 minute drive from Kolonia Town + a 20 minute hike from the road = ready to climb.
  • NO FEES. Though the Sokehs Rock Trail (which leads to all the sites) begins next to a private residence, the landowners charge nothing for access. Just ask permission, if you see anyone at the house.
  • PUBLIC ROUTES. The climbing sites are all on public property and no permission is needed to be there.
  • SHELTERED FROM WIND & RAIN. The eastern faces of the rocks, where all the routes lie, are saved from the prevailing winds by the bulk of the ridge and stay mostly dry even after heavy rain.
  • SHADE. The routes are in direct sun only early in the morning, so you can sleep in or have a nice, leisurely breakfast before heading up.
  • A LITTLE OF EVERYTHING. The rock consists of weathered basalt with all sorts of interesting pockets, jugs, pinches, slopers, cracks, and edges.
  • THEY’RE WORLD-CLASS. Route-finders Matthew Mann and Jonathan White were adamant that all routes be of exceptional quality and highly challenging. There are no throw-away climbs. Everything here will test your limits.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> Sport-Climbing on the Spire & the Adam’s Apple

Sokehs Rock

Hiking / TrekkingCave, Tunnel or BunkerSport ClimbingBird-WatchingCampingPicnicking

Paipalap, or Sokehs Rock, is without question the most striking feature of Pohnpei’s topography. Over 100 vertical meters (328 ft) of exposed basalt form the upper portion of a gigantic volcanic plug that juts from the north end of Sokehs Mountain and looms over Pohnpei’s harbor and only town, Kolonia. An unmarked trail leading to the Rock, “The Spire”, and “The Adam’s Apple” begins south of a brown house 1.2 km (0.74 mi) beyond Mwalok A-1 Store and just before the Danipei Church (ask permission before hiking). The steep path is well-defined with steep cement steps near the bottom and then a level segment with two
large basalt outcroppings and some cave-like formations. Three quarters of the way along, it begins to follow an electrical conduit running to the beacon on the summit (202 m / 663 ft).

A hiker ascends Sokehs Rock, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Though not a technical climb, the ascent of the Rock itself is sketchy (triple-pitch, 5.6 R unassisted) and should only be attempted on clear, dry days, as the rocks are treacherous when wet. Pitch 1 begins at the
“Tree Cliff”
and skirts a 70° face with the assistance of tree roots, fixed ropes (these you can trust), and the electrical conduit. This section is often underestimated and may, in fact, be the most dangerous part of the endeavor. Several people have been injured in falls at this spot. Pitch 2 starts at the rear foot of the main rock and involves a steep climb with some assistance from the conduit. The crux is a 2-meter section where the conduit has corroded and is no help at all. Climbers must rely on natural holds and a narrow crevice. Ropes also hang along the conduit, but do not trust your weight to any of them as they are in various states of deterioration. Pitch 3 is easier, though no less exposed. Most people straddle the conduit and haul themselves up.

Once on level ground, you can pick out the path that winds through scattered patches of wild pineapples, ferns, and a grove of trees that makes an ideal
campsite
before ending at the main cliff on the northern end of the Rock. Spectacular views of the lagoon, reef passes, tuna fleets, and northern islands are found at several spots along the cliff face. On clear days, Pakin Atoll is visible to the west, and you may get a glimpse of Pohnpei’s shy — and perhaps threatened — short-eared owl (Asio flammeus).

The Creation of Sokehs Rock

An ancient Pohnpeian legend states that long ago a man traveling near what is now Sokehs Island was overwhelmed by the force of a geyser-like spring which burst up and swept him all the way to a distant island. There he acquired the help of a powerful magician, who conjured a huge stone and plugged up the spring. Ever after, the rock was known as Paipalap, “the great paip (boulder).” In another version of the story, a Yapese sorcerer named Sou Iap was disturbed by the sound of rushing water and voyaged to Pohnpei to investigate. Upon discovering a great fountain on Sokehs Island, Sou Iap blocked the opening with piles of sea sponges.

Trad Climbing on the Face

Sokehs Rock face, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)
The north face of Sokehs Rock has considerable trad climbing potential, though it has yet to be fully explored (several climbers have rappelled down and raved about what they saw there). It is, however, quite extreme and under-cut in places. Note that a top-rope would need to be no less than 200 meters (666 ft) in length. Pioneers are welcome!

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> Sokehs Rock

Sokehs Mountain

Hiking / TrekkingCave, Tunnel or BunkerWorld War II FortificationsArchaeological Site / RuinBird-WatchingCampingPicnicking

The Japanese Road on Sokehs Mountain (Pohndollap), Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Sokehs Mountain or Pohndollap, which means “on the big hill,” is a long, mostly flat-topped ridge running north-south along the length of Sokehs Island with a knoll-like summit near the middle. The mountain was a refuge for the insurgents of the Sokehs Rebellion and later a key location in the Japanese defense of Pohnpei during World War II. The mountain’s attractions are mostly war-related, though it is also a highly-regarded birding spot.

The hike begins at the end of the paving above the Sokehs Municipal Office and climbs steadily along the rocky Japanese Road (or you can drive to the halfway point). At the top of the mountain, the road turns north next to a terrace on which the Japanese barracks structures originally stood — now the site of a concrete nahs built by the Office of Tourism in the late-2000s. From this point, it’s roughly 0.23 km (0.14 mi) south to the Coastal Battery and 0.78 km (0.48 mi) north to the summit of Dollap (276 m / 906 ft).

Japanese-Era Historical Sites

Command Post & Anti-Aircraft Battery

This site is centered around the Japanese Command Post, from which military operations on the Ridge were directed. There are many structures in the area:

Defensive Trench — This narrow, rock-lined trench has been partially swallowed by a bamboo grove that must have established itself after the war. The trench makes two 90 degree turns around something that is now buried beneath the roots of a massive tree. It’s unclear what the structure was, but electrical cables can still seen coming out of it through the trench wall.

Stone Look-Out — This elevated observation point is found just above the west wall of the Command Post, reached by several concrete steps. From the circular roof-less enclosure at the top, you can look out over Gun #1 and the Command Post foundations.

Personnel Tunnel / Shelter — This L-shaped personnel tunnel is found opposite Gun #1 under what looks like a man-made hill. The tunnel runs southeast and then makes a 90-degree turn before terminating. It’s about 7 meters long in total. The structure was probably intended as a bomb shelter.

Anti-Aircraft Guns — The two guns in the battery are identical: Type 89 12.7 cm twin double-purpose guns, which could pivot 360 degrees on their mounts and also tilt to fire at enemy aircraft overhead. Both guns are surrounded by sloped concrete revetments about 2 meters high with recessed ammunition magazines around the ring (some of which still have large machine springs in them). It took roughly one year for sixteen Pohnpeian laborers to move the guns to the Ridge and install them in their current positions. Gun #1 faces northeast, while Gun #2 points north and is missing its shield. An uncovered shaft lies just to the rear of each of the guns and drops 2 meters into the ground, connecting to a tunnel that housed the gun’s power cables. These shafts are potential hazards, especially when the grass is high. Take special care when walking around the sites to avoid falling into either of the holes!

A mysterious tower at the Command Post on Sokehs Mountain (Pohndollap), Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Command Post Foundations — Only the concrete basement foundations of the Command Post structure exist today. It seems to have been divided into two rooms. There’s a strange tower-like structure at the north side that TTPI archaeologist Duane Denfeld believed was used for target-bearing. The entrance is on the south side. To the left of the entrance under some trees is a flight of concrete stairs that has tipped partially on its side. It probably led up to the Look-Out and was either damaged by a bomb blast or undermined by erosion.

Machine Gun Pillbox — North of Gun #2 is a large pillbox with similar architecture as the coastal battery bunker. A set of stairs leads down to a stone corridor, which turns left into a circular chamber with slit openings on the front. From the outside, the structure is nearly invisible. The pillbox was probably intended for a machine gun, or more than one. As the chamber stays quite dry even during heavy rain, it’s a nice place to camp.

Mysterious Concrete Shaft — Southwest of the pillbox is a circular concrete shaft with a steel rung ladder leading downward. The shaft is currently flooded and its purpose is unclear. We’re still looking for information about this intriguing feature.

Barracks Area

A basin at the barracks foundations on Sokehs Mountain (Pohndollap), Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

The foundations of barracks, a kitchen, and mess hall are found at the north end of the Coastal Battery trail. The largest concentration of foundations is east of the path, indicating at least three large buildings. Concrete steps are found east of the Coastal Battery trail and south of the main road. A large water tank on a rock platform next to the path probably supplied the kitchen area. An identical tank to the east may have been for a washroom. Foundations extend all the way to the Tourism nahs. A slightly-sloped retaining wall built in the Japanese stone masonry style, called uchikomihagi, (unshaped, fitted stones) frames the terrace on which the foundations lie, running east-west along the main road and then turning south. There’s also an unknown foundation isolated from the others north of the main road with earthen revetments on all sides. It might have been a magazine for heavy ordnance, though the design is different from facilities on Lenger and Sapwtik.

Coastal Battery

The Coastal Battery is found at the end of a well-defined trail 0.23 km (0.14 mi) southwest of the cinderblock nahs. There are several notable features:

Coastal Gun & Bunker — A 15 cm naval gun is found in a large rock and steel bunker on the western slope of the mountain. The gun was manufactured by the British company Armstrong-Whitworth in 1905 and remains in good condition. It was intended to protect against surface incursions from Palikir Pass, a primary barrier reef passage to the west, but it may not have seen much action. The gun had a range of about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi). The bunker is roughly 8 meters by 6 meters with steel I-beams supporting the concrete ceiling and the dirt that is mounded over it. It would have been difficult to identify the feature from the air. There are two ammunition magazines behind the gun with heavy steel doors. A short corridor connects the rear of the bunker with a prominent trench which runs south for roughly 60 meters (196 ft), ending at a large bomb crater.

A stone trench and rifle pit on Sokehs Mountain (Pohndollap), Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

Rifle Pit — Twenty-five meters (82 ft) east of the gun bunker is a P-shaped rifle pit with rock walls. It may have originally been connected to the trench system mentioned above.

South Point

From the top of the Coastal Battery bunker, a trail runs 0.37 km (0.23 mi) south to the end of the Ridge. Along the way it passes scattered foundations, small water tanks, and several stone rifle pits. Little is known about the structures in this area. Bomb craters are obvious in many places. The path terminates at the mountain’s southernmost point–a narrow fin with steep slopes on both sides.

Rifle Pits on Western Slope

West of the Summit Road, 0.28 km (0.17 mi) north of the Command Post, is a complex of small stone rifle pits. Four rifle pits were investigated (two on either side of the path), with the pair to the south being the most extensive. Undoubtedly, there are many structures of this variety around the mountain’s slopes that have yet to be discovered. The area is lower than its surroundings and tends to be very muddy.

Power Station

Immediately east of the Summit Road, just before it begins to climb to the peak, are the remains of a Japanese power station. The most prominent features are a Yanmar 60 KVA generator and three concrete tanks–two for water that cooled the engines and one for fuel. Though the power station building is no more, the steel roof trusses still lie across the ground.

Summit Area

FSM Telecom has claimed the summit of Dollap, and the steel Japanese searchlight platform (about 5 meters in diameter) now supports one of two cellular phone towers. The views from the top of one of the accessible Telecom structures are spectacular and unobstructed. Just below the knoll is an L-shaped defensive trench with rock walls, probably for the men who manned the light. Above this is a small Japanese monument.

Map Guides >> Sokehs Island >> Sokehs Mountain

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